Munich Agreement Czechoslovakia
The slogan „About us, without us!“ (Czech: O nás bez nás!) summarizes the feelings of the Czechoslovak people (now Slovakia and the Czech Republic) towards the agreement. [Citation needed] With the transfer of the Sudetenland to Germany, Czechoslovakia (as the state was renamed) lost its defensible border with Germany and its fortifications. Without it, its independence became more nominal than real. Czechoslovakia also lost 70% of its steel industry, 70% of its electricity supply and 3.5 million citizens to Germany as a result of colonization. [61] Sudeten Germans celebrate what they considered their liberation. The impending war, it seems, had been averted. [mute] An agreement signed at the Munich Conference in September 1938 ceded the German-speaking Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia to Germany. The agreement was concluded between Germany, Italy, Great Britain and France. Czechoslovakia was not allowed to participate in the conference. In March 1939, six months after the munich accords were signed, Hitler violated the agreement and destroyed the Czech state. UCLA Film and Television Archive Czechoslovakia was informed by Britain and France that it could either resist Nazi Germany alone or submit to the prescribed annexations. The Czechoslovak government, recognizing the desperation of the struggle against the Nazis alone, reluctantly capitulated (September 30) and agreed to abide by the agreement. The colony gave Germany the Sudetenland from October 10 and de facto control of the rest of Czechoslovakia, as long as Hitler promised not to go any further.
On the 30th. In September, after a little rest, Chamberlain went to Hitler`s house and asked him to sign a peace treaty between the United Kingdom and Germany. After Hitler`s interpreter translated it for him, he happily accepted. When Germany, France, Britain and Italy signed the Munich Accords in the early hours of September 30, 1938, the Nazis took control of the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia, where ethnic Germans lived mainly along the Czech borders. The treaty also allowed Germany to take control of Czechoslovakia, which it officially did on March 15, 1939. Remarkably, Czechoslovakia was not represented at the conference that decided the fate of that country. In retrospect, the deal is seen as a failed attempt to avoid war with Nazi Germany. GERMANY, the United Kingdom, France and Italy, taking into account the agreement in principle already concluded on the allocation of the German territory of the Sudetenland to Germany, have agreed on the following conditions for the transfer and the resulting measures, and by this agreement they each make themselves responsible for the measures necessary to ensure its execution: an agreement was concluded on 29 September and at around 1.30 a..m .m m.
marked. On September 30, 1938,[43] Adolf Hitler, Neville Chamberlain, Benito Mussolini and Édouard Daladier signed the Munich Accords. The agreement was officially introduced by Mussolini, although the Italian plan is actually almost identical to Godesberg`s proposal: the German army was to authorize the occupation of the Sudetenland in the 10th century. An international commission would decide on the future of other disputed territories. The American historian William L. Shirer argued in his book The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich (1960) that although Hitler did not bluff about his intention to invade, Czechoslovakia could have provided considerable resistance. Shirer believed that Britain and France had enough air defenses to avoid serious bombing of London and Paris and could have waged a quick and successful war against Germany. [66] He quotes Churchill as saying that the deal means that „Britain and France were in a much worse position than Hitler`s Germany.“ [61] After Hitler personally inspected the Czech fortifications, he privately told Joseph Goebbels that „we had shed a lot of blood“ and that he was glad there was no fighting.
[67] Faced with high tensions between the Germans and the Czechoslovak government, Beneš secretly offered on September 15, 1938 to give 6,000 square kilometers (2,300 square miles) of Czechoslovakia to Germany in exchange for a German agreement to accept 1.5 to 2.0 million Sudeten Germans, which Czechoslovakia would expel. Hitler did not respond. [13] Citing Munich in foreign policy debates is also common in the 21st century. [107] During Secretary of State John Kerry`s negotiations on the Iran nuclear deal, a Texas Republican lawmaker called the negotiations „worse than Munich.“ Kerry himself had invoked Munich in a speech in France, in which he advocated military action in Syria saying, „This is our Munich moment.“ [108] The New York Times headline on the Munich Accords read, „Hitler gets less than his demands from the Sudetenland“ and reports that a „cheerful crowd“ cheered Daladier on his return to France and that Chamberlain was „savagely acclaimed“ upon his return to Britain. [54] From September 29 to 30, 1938, an emergency meeting of the major European powers was held in Munich – without Czechoslovakia or the Soviet Union, allied with France and Czechoslovakia. They quickly agreed on Hitler`s terms. It was signed by the leaders of Germany, France, Britain and Italy. Militarily, the Sudetenland was of strategic importance to Czechoslovakia, as most of its border defense was located there to protect itself from a German attack. The agreement between the four powers was signed in the context of an undeclared german-Czechoslovak war of low intensity, which had begun on September 17, 1938.
Meanwhile, after September 23, 1938, Poland moved its army units to its common border with Czechoslovakia. [2] Czechoslovakia yielded to diplomatic pressure from France and Britain and agreed on September 30 to cede territories to Germany on Munich terms. .
